Ballast safety circuit

ABSTRACT

A ballast safety circuit is disclosed. The ballast safety circuit includes a sensor in the form a toroid that includes a pair of coil windings for coupling to a pair of input lines on an input side of a ballast. The toroid further includes a third coil winding for detecting a leakage current flowing through one of the input lines when a person is attempting to mount a lamp on the ballast. Upon detection of the leakage current, the ballast safety circuit impeded an operation of the lamp to thereby dissipate the leakage current whereby the person can safely complete the mounting of the lamp on the ballast.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention

[0002] The present invention generally relates to an operation of a ballast. The present invention specifically relates to ground fault detectors on the input side of a ballast.

[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art

[0004] Currently, an isolated safety circuit on the output side of a ballast are employed to protect a person from shock when installing lamps. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,563,719, U.S. Pat. No. 4,663,571, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,855,860 are all directed toward an isolated safety circuit on the output side of a ballast. However, a drawback to this mode of protection is the sensitivity of the circuit to potential shock as related to an activation threshold that may still result in an uncomfortable electric sting being felt by the person of a non-isolated ballast. The present invention is an improvement over the prior art.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention is a ballast safety circuit. Various aspects of the present invention are novel, non-obvious, and provide various advantages. While the actual nature of the present invention covered herein can only be determined with reference to the claims appended hereto, certain features, which are characteristic of the embodiments disclosed herein, are described briefly as follows.

[0006] One form of the present invention is a device comprising a ballast and a ballast safety circuit. The ballast has a first input line and a second input line. The ballast safety circuit is in electrical communication with the first input line and the second input line where the ballast safety circuit is operable to detect an occurrence of a leakage current flowing through the second input line when a person is attempting to a mount a lamp on the ballast. In one embodiment, the ballast safety circuit includes a magnetic core, a first coil winding wound around the magnetic core, a second coil winding wound around the magnetic core, and a third coil winding wound around the magnetic core. The first coil winding is in electric communication with the first input line. The second coil winding is in electric communication with a second input line of the ballast. The third coil winding is operable to detect the leakage current flowing through the second input line.

[0007] The foregoing form as well as other forms, features and advantages of the present invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the presently preferred embodiments, read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The detailed description and drawings are merely illustrative of the present invention rather than limiting, the scope of the present invention being defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008]FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a ballast safety circuit in accordance with the present invention; and

[0009]FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a toroid in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010]FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional ballast 10 and a ballast safety circuit 20 of the present invention. Ballast 10 includes a pair of diodes D₁ and D₂ representative of an input rectification circuit coupled in an input line L. Ballast 10 further includes a pair of capacitors C₃ and C₄ representative of a DC stable source coupled to an input line N. In normal operation, a capacitor C₁ and an inductor L₁ resonate to control an operating current 11 when a lamp 11 is mounted on the ballast 10 as shown. Additionally, a capacitor C₂ and an inductor L₂ resonate to control an operating current I₂ when a lamp 12 is mounted on the ballast 10 as shown by the dashed version of the lamp 12. A toroid T₁ drives an electronic switch K₁ and an electronic switch K₂ to operate the lamp 11 and the lamp 12.

[0011] In a circumstance where the lamp 11 is operating and a person (represented by a resistor R) is attempting to mount lamp 12 as shown, a leakage current (represented by the dashed arrow) can flow through the resistor R to the input line N. The leakage current is typically inadequate to operate lamp 12, but adequate to cause a voltage drop across the resistor R that can be harmful to the person. Ballast safety circuit 20 operates to dissipate the leakage current during a detection of the leakage current to thereby protect the person.

[0012] Ballast safety circuit 20 includes a toroid T₂, a diode D3, a capacitor C5, and a trip latch 21 in the form of a conventional transistor based circuit. FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of toroid T₂ having a magnetic core MC, a coil winding L₃, a coil winding L₄, and a coil winding L₅. Coil winding L₃ is coupled to an input line L and is in electric communication with the input rectification circuit (FIG. 1) represented by diode D₁ and diode D₂. Coil winding L₄ is coupled to input line N and is in electric communication with the DC stable source (FIG. 1) represented by capacitor C₃ and capacitor C₄. Coil winding L₅ is coupled a diode D₃ and is in electric communication with the input rectification circuit, the DC stable source and electronic switch K₂ (FIG. 1) via a base node BN₁. Diode D₃ is coupled to a capacitor C₅ and a trip latch 21. Capacitor C₅ is further coupled to base node BN₁.

[0013] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, in operation, magnetic core MC is prohibited from inducting a normal input current in input line L and input line N, because the induction is opposed. A leakage current, if any, will flow through input line N causing a current differential between input line L and input line N. Coil winding L₅ detects the leakage current, and in response thereto, provides a detection signal (not shown) to trip latch 21. During a reception of the detection signal, trip latch 21 impedes an operation of lamp 12 by latching open electronic switch K₂. The result is an expediently dissipation of the leakage current whereby a person mounting lamp 12 does not feel the leakage current.

[0014] In one embodiment, the number of turns N₁ of coil winding L₃ and/or coil winding L₄, and the number of turns N₂ of coil winding L₅ are in accordance with the following equation [1]:

N ₂=(L*U)/(N ₁ *f*A*μ*I)   [1]

[0015] L is the length of a magnetic path in the toroid T₂, U is a trip voltage to latch open electronic switch K₂, f is an exciting current frequency, A is the cross-section of magnetic core MC, μ is the permeability of magnetic core MC, and I is the leakage current. Exciting current frequency f and leakage current I are measured under the assumption resistor R (FIG. 1) is 500 ohms. Trip voltage U is determined from an operational specification of electronic switch K₂. Cross-section A and μ are determined from the dimensions and material of magnetic core MC. Turns N₁ and turns N₂ can therefore be selected to maximize the efficiency of toroid T₂.

[0016] Referring to FIG. 1, ballast 10 was utilized to facilitate an explanation of ballast safety circuit 20 in accordance with the present invention. Those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate from this explanation that a ballast safety circuit in accordance with the present invention (e.g., ballast safety circuit 20) can be employed with any type of ballast having at least two input lines. As such, for some types of ballasts, the leakage current may flow from resistor R to the input line L (FIG. 1).

[0017] While the embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein are presently considered to be preferred, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is indicated in the appended claims, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalents are intended to be embraced therein. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A ballast safety circuit, comprising: a magnetic core; a first coil winding wound around said magnetic core, said first coil winding operable to be in electric communication with a first input line of a ballast; a second coil winding wound around said magnetic core, said second coil winding operable to be in electric communication with a second input line of the ballast; and a third coil winding wound around said magnetic core, said third coil winding operable to detect an occurrence of a leakage current flowing through the second input line when a person is attempting to mount a lamp on the ballast.
 2. The ballast safety circuit of claim 1, where a number of turns N₂ Of said third coil winding is a function of a number of turns N₁ of said first coil winding according to: N ₂=(L*U)/(N ₁ *f*A*μ*I)
 3. The ballast safety circuit of claim 1, where a number of turns N₂ of said third coil winding is a function of a number of turns N₁ of said second coil winding according to: N ₂=(L*U)/(N ₁ *f*A*μ*I)
 4. The ballast safety circuit of claim 1, wherein said first coil winding, said second coil winding, and said third coil winding are coupled to an input side of the ballast.
 5. The ballast safety circuit of claim 1, further comprising: a trip latch operable to impede an operation of the lamp during a detection of the leakage current.
 6. A device, comprising: a ballast having a first input line and a second input line; and a ballast safety circuit in electrical communication with the first input line and the second input line, said ballast safety circuit operable to detect an occurrence of a leakage current flowing through said second input line when a person is attempting to mount a lamp on the ballast.
 7. The device of claim 6, wherein said ballast safety circuit includes: a magnetic core; a first coil winding wound around said magnetic core, said first coil winding in electric communication with the first input line; a second coil winding wound around said magnetic core, said second coil winding in electric communication with a second input line of the ballast; and a third coil winding wound around said magnetic core, said third coil winding operable to detect the leakage current flowing through the second input line.
 8. The device of claim 7, where a number of turns N₂ of said third coil winding is a function of a number of turns N₁ of said first coil winding according to: N ₂=(L*U)/(N ₁ *f *A*μ*I)
 9. The device of claim 7, where a number of turns N₂ of said third coil winding is a function of a number of turns N₁ of said second coil winding according to: N ₂=(L*U)/(N ₁ *f*A*μ*I)
 10. The device of claim 7, wherein the ballast safety circuit further includes: a trip latch operable to impeded an operation of the lamp during a detection of the leakage current. 